Featured Publications
EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography.
Lange K, Carson R. EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. Journal Of Computer Assisted Tomography 1984, 8: 306-16. PMID: 6608535.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEM algorithmGood physical modelTransmission image reconstructionTransmission tomographyMaximum likelihood estimatesAlgebraic schemeRelevant physical featuresNon-negativity constraintsGlobal convergenceIterative techniquePoisson natureLikelihood estimatesParameter estimatesCounting noiseMaximum likelihoodDetector geometryPhysical modelAccurate incorporationEM reconstruction algorithmPhysical featuresSpecific algorithmsImage reconstructionAlgorithmReconstruction algorithmActual reconstructionImaging synaptic density in the living human brain
Finnema SJ, Nabulsi NB, Eid T, Detyniecki K, Lin SF, Chen MK, Dhaher R, Matuskey D, Baum E, Holden D, Spencer DD, Mercier J, Hannestad J, Huang Y, Carson RE. Imaging synaptic density in the living human brain. Science Translational Medicine 2016, 8: 348ra96. PMID: 27440727, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6667.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic densityPositron emission tomographyPET imagingSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2ATemporal lobe epilepsyNumerous brain disordersCentral nervous systemNumber of synapsesJ PET imagingHuman brainHuman PET studiesPredominant neuronsSurgical resectionSynaptic lossLobe epilepsyPsychiatric disordersNervous systemBrain disordersPresynaptic boutonsAlzheimer's diseaseBrain tissueEmission tomographyNeuron contactsTherapeutic monitoringPET studiesConsensus Nomenclature for in vivo Imaging of Reversibly Binding Radioligands
Innis RB, Cunningham VJ, Delforge J, Fujita M, Gjedde A, Gunn RN, Holden J, Houle S, Huang SC, Ichise M, Iida H, Ito H, Kimura Y, Koeppe RA, Knudsen GM, Knuuti J, Lammertsma AA, Laruelle M, Logan J, Maguire RP, Mintun MA, Morris ED, Parsey R, Price JC, Slifstein M, Sossi V, Suhara T, Votaw JR, Wong DF, Carson RE. Consensus Nomenclature for in vivo Imaging of Reversibly Binding Radioligands. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2007, 27: 1533-1539. PMID: 17519979, DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600493.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFirst-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-SynVesT-1, a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A
Naganawa M, Li S, Nabulsi N, Henry S, Zheng MQ, Pracitto R, Cai Z, Gao H, Kapinos M, Labaree D, Matuskey D, Huang Y, Carson RE. First-in-Human Evaluation of 18F-SynVesT-1, a Radioligand for PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A. Journal Of Nuclear Medicine 2020, 62: 561-567. PMID: 32859701, PMCID: PMC8049363, DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249144.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsC-UCBSynaptic densityRegional time-activity curvesTime-activity curvesDistribution volumeMetabolite-corrected arterial input functionPET imagingMultilinear analysis 1Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2AAntiepileptic drug levetiracetamTotal distribution volumeNondisplaceable distribution volumeCentrum semiovaleBlocking doseHealthy volunteersHuman studiesDrug levetiracetamLassen plotNeuropsychiatric disordersPET radioligandArterial input functionNonhuman primatesLevetiracetamReference regionRadioligandAssessing Synaptic Density in Alzheimer Disease With Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging
Chen MK, Mecca AP, Naganawa M, Finnema SJ, Toyonaga T, Lin SF, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Lu Y, McDonald JW, Michalak HR, Nabulsi NB, Arnsten AFT, Huang Y, Carson RE, van Dyck CH. Assessing Synaptic Density in Alzheimer Disease With Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging. JAMA Neurology 2018, 75: 1215-1224. PMID: 30014145, PMCID: PMC6233853, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1836.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPositron emission tomographic imagingSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2ASynaptic densityAlzheimer's diseaseEmission tomographic imagingHigh-resolution PET scanningPET scanningCognitive impairmentDisease-modifying therapiesDisease-modifying treatmentsNormal participantsCross-sectional studyPittsburgh compound BMajor structural correlateAmnestic mild cognitive impairmentMagnetic resonance imagingMild cognitive impairmentJ PET imagingRestoration of synapsesSpecific bindingNeurologic evaluationSynaptic lossDisease stagePostmortem studiesOutcome measuresReduced synaptic vesicle protein 2A binding in temporal lobe epilepsy: A [11C]UCB‐J positron emission tomography study
Finnema SJ, Toyonaga T, Detyniecki K, Chen M, Dias M, Wang Q, Lin S, Naganawa M, Gallezot J, Lu Y, Nabulsi NB, Huang Y, Spencer DD, Carson RE. Reduced synaptic vesicle protein 2A binding in temporal lobe epilepsy: A [11C]UCB‐J positron emission tomography study. Epilepsia 2020, 61: 2183-2193. PMID: 32944949, DOI: 10.1111/epi.16653.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedial temporal lobe sclerosisTemporal lobe epilepsyTLE subjectsPositron emission tomographyLobe epilepsyJ BPSynaptic vesicle protein 2APartial volume correctionTemporal lobe sclerosisPositron emission tomography studyEmission tomography studiesSeizure onset zonePromising biomarker approachJ bindingPresurgical selectionSclerotic hippocampusHippocampal asymmetryTLE patientsRegional binding patternsControl subjectsCentrum semiovaleContralateral regionsEpilepsy patientsOutcome measuresOnset zoneLower synaptic density is associated with depression severity and network alterations
Holmes SE, Scheinost D, Finnema SJ, Naganawa M, Davis MT, DellaGioia N, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Angarita GA, Pietrzak RH, Duman RS, Sanacora G, Krystal JH, Carson RE, Esterlis I. Lower synaptic density is associated with depression severity and network alterations. Nature Communications 2019, 10: 1529. PMID: 30948709, PMCID: PMC6449365, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09562-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMajor depressive disorderPost-traumatic stress disorderLower synaptic densitySynaptic densityPositron emission tomographyFunctional connectivityNetwork alterationsSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2ASymptoms of depressionSynaptic lossDepressive disorderHealthy controlsNerve terminalsDepressive symptomsDepression severityUnmedicated individualsSynaptic connectionsEmission tomographyStress disorderVivo evidenceSymptomsDepressionSeverityDisordersAlterationsNoise Reduction in the Simplified Reference Tissue Model for Neuroreceptor Functional Imaging
Wu Y, Carson RE. Noise Reduction in the Simplified Reference Tissue Model for Neuroreceptor Functional Imaging. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2002, 22: 1440-1452. PMID: 12468889, DOI: 10.1097/01.wcb.0000033967.83623.34.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComparison of Bolus and Infusion Methods for Receptor Quantitation: Application to [18F]Cyclofoxy and Positron Emission Tomography
Carson R, Channing M, Blasberg R, Dunn B, Cohen R, Rice K, Herscovitch P. Comparison of Bolus and Infusion Methods for Receptor Quantitation: Application to [18F]Cyclofoxy and Positron Emission Tomography. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1993, 13: 24-42. PMID: 8380178, DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1993.6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuantification of Amphetamine-Induced Changes in [11C]Raclopride Binding with Continuous Infusion
Carson R, Breier A, de Bartolomeis A, Saunders R, Su T, Schmall B, Der M, Pickar D, Eckelman W. Quantification of Amphetamine-Induced Changes in [11C]Raclopride Binding with Continuous Infusion. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1997, 17: 437-447. PMID: 9143226, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199704000-00009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPerformance Characteristics of the NeuroEXPLORER, a Next-Generation Human Brain PET/CT Imager
Li H, Badawi R, Cherry S, Fontaine K, He L, Henry S, Hillmer A, Hu L, Khattar N, Leung E, Li T, Li Y, Liu C, Liu P, Lu Z, Majewski S, Matuskey D, Morris E, Mulnix T, Omidvari N, Samanta S, Selfridge A, Sun X, Toyonaga T, Volpi T, Zeng T, Jones T, Qi J, Carson R. Performance Characteristics of the NeuroEXPLORER, a Next-Generation Human Brain PET/CT Imager. Journal Of Nuclear Medicine 2024, 65: jnumed.124.267767. PMID: 38871391, PMCID: PMC11294061, DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267767.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPeak noise-equivalent count rateNoise-equivalent count rateTime-of-flight resolutionField of viewCount rateExtended axial field-of-viewTransverse field-of-viewAxial field-of-viewField-of-view centerMini-Derenzo phantomSpatial resolutionTangential spatial resolutionsCount rate performanceContrast recovery coefficientHuman brain PET imagingMeasurements of spatial resolutionNEMA sensitivityEnergy resolutionScatter fractionBrain phantomBackprojection reconstructionBrain PET imagingTime resolutionRadial offsetF-FDG imaging
2025
Correcting SUVR bias by accounting for radiotracer clearance in tissue: A validation study with [18F]FE-PE2I PET in cross-sectional, test-retest and longitudinal cohorts.
Oh M, Honhar P, Carson R, Hillmer A, Varrone A. Correcting SUVR bias by accounting for radiotracer clearance in tissue: A validation study with [18F]FE-PE2I PET in cross-sectional, test-retest and longitudinal cohorts. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2025, 271678x251322407. PMID: 39981611, PMCID: PMC11846093, DOI: 10.1177/0271678x251322407.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLower Extremity Flow Quantification Using Dynamic 82Rb PET: a Preclinical Investigation
Guo L, Thorn S, de Rubio Cruz P, Liu Z, Gallezot J, Liu Q, Moulton E, Carson R, Sinusas A, Liu C. Lower Extremity Flow Quantification Using Dynamic 82Rb PET: a Preclinical Investigation. IEEE Transactions On Radiation And Plasma Medical Sciences 2025, PP: 1-1. DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2025.3542729.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVenous blood sampling for less invasive in vivo quantification of synaptic density with constant infusion of [18F]SynVesT-1 and PET
Asch R, Naganawa M, Moisieienko K, Weed M, Kapinos M, Zheng M, Hillmer A, Carson R, Pietrzak R, Esterlis I. Venous blood sampling for less invasive in vivo quantification of synaptic density with constant infusion of [18F]SynVesT-1 and PET. EJNMMI Research 2025, 15: 8. PMID: 39900828, PMCID: PMC11790547, DOI: 10.1186/s13550-025-01200-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPET Imaging of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 with [18F]TZ4877 in Nonhuman Primates
Gu J, Zheng M, Holden D, Fowles K, Qiu L, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Ropchan J, Gropler R, Carson R, Tu Z, Huang Y, Hillmer A. PET Imaging of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 with [18F]TZ4877 in Nonhuman Primates. Molecular Imaging And Biology 2025, 27: 54-63. PMID: 39779653, DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01979-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1Absorbed radiation dose estimatesReceptor 1Nonhuman primatesFree fractionPlasma free fractionRadiation dose estimatesMetabolite-corrected input functionF-18 labeled radiotracersArterial blood samplesCritical organsPET/CT systemBolus injectionF-18Anesthetized nonhuman primatesDosimetry studiesHuman studiesDose estimatesVT/fPPET imaging dataS1PR1PET imagingInput functionBlood samplesPonesimodPositron Emission Tomography Brain Imaging Methodologies
Hillmer A, Cosgrove K, Carson R. Positron Emission Tomography Brain Imaging Methodologies. 2025, 107-120. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197640654.003.0009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPositron emission tomographyBrain imaging studiesStudy of mental illnessDrug occupancyGroup differencesBinding potentialMental illnessSynaptic densityPET imaging dataBrain imagingPositron emission tomography imagingAbstract Positron emission tomographyMethodological considerationsNeurotransmitter synthesisEmission tomographyImaging studiesNeurotransmitter releaseVolume of distributionOutcome measuresClinical researchBPNDNeurotransmitterBrainIllnessImage data
2024
Robust, fully-automated assessment of cerebral perivascular spaces and white matter lesions: a multicentre MRI longitudinal study of their evolution and association with risk of dementia and accelerated brain atrophy
Barisano G, Iv M, Choupan J, Hayden-Gephart M, Weiner M, Aisen P, Petersen R, Jack C, Jagust W, Trojanowki J, Toga A, Beckett L, Green R, Saykin A, Morris J, Shaw L, Liu E, Montine T, Thomas R, Donohue M, Walter S, Gessert D, Sather T, Jiminez G, Harvey D, Donohue M, Bernstein M, Fox N, Thompson P, Schuff N, DeCarli C, Borowski B, Gunter J, Senjem M, Vemuri P, Jones D, Kantarci K, Ward C, Koeppe R, Foster N, Reiman E, Chen K, Mathis C, Landau S, Cairns N, Householder E, Reinwald L, Lee V, Korecka M, Figurski M, Crawford K, Neu S, Foroud T, Potkin S, Shen L, Kelley F, Kim S, Nho K, Kachaturian Z, Frank R, Snyder P, Molchan S, Kaye J, Quinn J, Lind B, Carter R, Dolen S, Schneider L, Pawluczyk S, Beccera M, Teodoro L, Spann B, Brewer J, Vanderswag H, Fleisher A, Heidebrink J, Lord J, Petersen R, Mason S, Albers C, Knopman D, Johnson K, Doody R, Meyer J, Chowdhury M, Rountree S, Dang M, Stern Y, Honig L, Bell K, Ances B, Morris J, Carroll M, Leon S, Householder E, Mintun M, Schneider S, Oliver A, Marson D, Griffith R, Clark D, Geld-macher D, Brockington J, Roberson E, Grossman H, Mitsis E, deToledo-Morrell L, Shah R, Duara R, Varon D, Greig M, Roberts P, Albert M, Onyike C, D’Agostino D, Kielb S, Galvin J, Pogorelec D, Cerbone B, Michel C, Rusinek H, de Leon M, Glodzik L, De Santi S, Doraiswamy P, Petrella J, Wong T, Arnold S, Karlawish J, Wolk D, Smith C, Jicha G, Hardy P, Sinha P, Oates E, Conrad G, Lopez O, Oakley M, Simpson D, Porsteinsson A, Goldstein B, Martin K, Makino K, Ismail M, Brand C, Mulnard R, Thai G, Mc Adams Ortiz C, Womack K, Mathews D, Quiceno M, Arrastia R, King R, Weiner M, Cook K, DeVous M, Levey A, Lah J, Cellar J, Burns J, Anderson H, Swerdlow R, Apostolova L, Tingus K, Woo E, Silverman D, Lu P, Bartzokis G, Radford N, Parfitt F, Kendall T, Johnson H, Farlow M, Hake A, Matthews B, Herring S, Hunt C, van Dyck C, Carson R, MacAvoy M, Chertkow H, Bergman H, Hosein C, Black S, Stefanovic B, Caldwell C, Hsiung G, Feldman H, Mudge B, Assaly M, Kertesz A, Rogers J, Trost D, Bernick C, Munic D, Kerwin D, Mesulam M, Lipowski K, Wu C, Johnson N, Sadowsky C, Martinez W, Villena T, Turner R, Johnson K, Reynolds B, Sperling R, Johnson K, Marshall G, Frey M, Yesavage J, Taylor J, Lane B, Rosen A, Tinklenberg J, Sabbagh M, Belden C, Jacobson S, Sirrel S, Kowall N, Killiany R, Budson A, Norbash A, Johnson P, Obisesan T, Wolday S, Allard J, Lerner A, Ogrocki P, Hudson L, Fletcher E, Carmichael O, Olichney J, DeCarli C, Kittur S, Borrie M, Lee T, Bartha R, Johnson S, Asthana S, Carlsson C, Potkin S, Preda A, Nguyen D, Tariot P, Fleisher A, Reeder S, Bates V, Capote H, Rainka M, Scharre D, Kataki M, Adeli A, Zimmerman E, Celmins D, Brown A, Pearlson G, Blank K, Anderson K, Santulli R, Kitzmiller T, Schwartz E, Sink K, Williamson J, Garg P, Watkins F, Ott B, Querfurth H, Tremont G, Salloway S, Malloy P, Correia S, Rosen H, Miller B, Mintzer J, Spicer K, Bachman D, Finger E, Pasternak S, Rachinsky I, Rogers J, Kertesz A, Drost D, Pomara N, Hernando R, Sarrael A, Schultz S, Ponto L, Shim H, Smith K, Relkin N, Chaing G, Raudin L, Smith A, Fargher K, Raj B. Robust, fully-automated assessment of cerebral perivascular spaces and white matter lesions: a multicentre MRI longitudinal study of their evolution and association with risk of dementia and accelerated brain atrophy. EBioMedicine 2024, 111: 105523. PMID: 39721217, PMCID: PMC11732520, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105523.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of dementiaDementia riskAccelerated brain atrophyLower risk of dementiaMeasures of cognitive functionLongitudinal studyUS National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of HealthCombat dementiaInstitutes of HealthPerivascular spaces countAlzheimer's disease biomarkersUS National InstitutesClinical measures of cognitive functioningDementiaBrain healthMixed-effects modelsScreening toolClinical measuresConfounding factorsObservational studyCognitive declineLongitudinal trajectoriesParticipantsBrain atrophyQuantitative Accuracy Assessment of the NeuroEXPLORER for Diverse Imaging Applications: Moving Beyond Standard Evaluations.
Omidvari N, Shanina E, Leung E, Sun X, Li Y, Mulnix T, Gravel P, Henry S, Matuskey D, Volpi T, Jones T, Badawi R, Li H, Carson R, Qi J, Cherry S. Quantitative Accuracy Assessment of the NeuroEXPLORER for Diverse Imaging Applications: Moving Beyond Standard Evaluations. Journal Of Nuclear Medicine 2024, 66: 150-157. PMID: 39638433, PMCID: PMC11705792, DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchContrast recovery coefficientHoffman phantomUniform phantomIQ phantomRecovery coefficientBrain PET systemHoffman brain phantomBrain uptakeSpatial resolutionDiverse imaging applicationsCylindrical phantomPET systemBrain phantomNeuroimaging studiesImage qualityImaging conditionsPhantomReconstruction parametersImaging time pointsTime pointsImage-derived input functionHigher spatial resolutionQuantitative accuracyDelayed time pointsBrain disordersAn In Vivo Examination of the Relationship Between Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor and Suicide Attempts in People With Borderline Personality Disorder
Davis M, Asch R, Weiss E, Wagner A, Fineberg S, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Carson R, Esterlis I. An In Vivo Examination of the Relationship Between Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor and Suicide Attempts in People With Borderline Personality Disorder. Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience And Neuroimaging 2024, 10: 324-332. PMID: 39613160, DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBorderline personality disorderPathophysiology of borderline personality disorderSuicide attemptsPersonality disorderPositron emission tomographyAssociated with history of suicide attemptBorderline personality disorder symptomsBPD pathophysiologyPositron emission tomography outcomes measurementsHistory of suicide attemptsMetabotropic glutamate receptor type 5Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Glutamate receptor 5Comprehensive clinical assessmentFrontolimbic circuitsMDD groupDepressive disorderEmotion regulationPsychiatric conditionsCognitive functionMGlu5Comparison controlsMDDSuicideAssociated with historyNoise-aware dynamic image denoising and positron range correction for Rubidium-82 cardiac PET imaging via self-supervision
Xie H, Guo L, Velo A, Liu Z, Liu Q, Guo X, Zhou B, Chen X, Tsai Y, Miao T, Xia M, Liu Y, Armstrong I, Wang G, Carson R, Sinusas A, Liu C. Noise-aware dynamic image denoising and positron range correction for Rubidium-82 cardiac PET imaging via self-supervision. Medical Image Analysis 2024, 100: 103391. PMID: 39579623, PMCID: PMC11647511, DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103391.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImage denoisingPositron range correctionDynamic framesSelf-supervised methodsSuperior visual qualityLow signal-to-noise ratioCardiac PET imagingDenoising methodSignal-to-noise ratioSelf-supervisionVisual qualityHigh-energy positronsRange correctionsDenoisingNoise levelImage spatial resolutionImage qualityDefect contrastPET imagingImage quantificationRadioactive isotopesPatient scansQuantitative accuracyImagesFrame
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