2024
Estimating pneumococcal carriage dynamics in adults living with HIV in a mature infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme in Malawi, a modelling study
Phiri J, Sibale L, Mlongoti L, Mitole N, Kusakala A, Khwiya M, Kayembe T, Lisimba E, Kapwata P, Malisita K, Chaguza C, Ferreira D, Thindwa D, Jambo K. Estimating pneumococcal carriage dynamics in adults living with HIV in a mature infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme in Malawi, a modelling study. BMC Medicine 2024, 22: 419. PMID: 39334289, PMCID: PMC11438070, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03631-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-PCV13 serotypesAntiretroviral therapyPneumococcal carriage prevalencePneumococcal carriageCarriage prevalenceHIV- adultsStudy groupCarriage acquisitionDetect pneumococcal carriageAntiretroviral therapy durationHuman immunodeficiency virusSocial economic statusPneumococcal conjugate vaccination programmeMultivariate longitudinal analysesPCV13 serotypesProlonged carriageImmunodeficiency virusMedian ageHIV individualsNasopharyngeal clearancePneumococcal serotypesALWHIVLatex agglutinationCulture microbiologyPoint prevalence
2022
Effect of patient-delivered household contact tracing and prevention for tuberculosis: A household cluster-randomised trial in Malawi
Kaswaswa K, MacPherson P, Kumwenda M, Mpunga J, Thindwa D, Nliwasa M, Mwapasa M, Odland J, Tomoka T, Chipungu G, Mukaka M, Corbett E. Effect of patient-delivered household contact tracing and prevention for tuberculosis: A household cluster-randomised trial in Malawi. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0269219. PMID: 36074775, PMCID: PMC9455850, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB preventive therapyStandard of careHousehold contactsNational guidelinesTB participantsEligible TB patientsMonths of randomisationCluster-randomised trialTRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERHousehold contact tracingAge 5 yearsLow-resource settingsTB diseaseTB patientsPreventive therapySecondary outcomesTB screeningPrimary outcomeSymptom screeningIntervention armTB diagnosisSymptom screenMAIN OUTCOMEHigh riskTriage toolSocial mixing patterns relevant to infectious diseases spread by close contact in urban Blantyre, Malawi
Thindwa D, Jambo K, Ojal J, MacPherson P, Dennis Phiri M, Pinsent A, Khundi M, Chiume L, Gallagher K, Heyderman R, Corbett E, French N, Flasche S. Social mixing patterns relevant to infectious diseases spread by close contact in urban Blantyre, Malawi. Epidemics 2022, 40: 100590. PMID: 35691100, PMCID: PMC9176177, DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100590.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrban BlantyreInfectious diseasesLow COVID-19 incidenceHIV-positive statusCOVID-19 circulationCOVID-19 incidenceCOVID-19 precautionsMedian ageHIV statusBinomial mixed effects modelsPandemic preparednessAge groupsClose contactSkin contactLow-income countriesNegative binomial mixed effects modelUrban MalawiMixed effects modelsSecondary school childrenUnemployed participantsTransmission dynamicsContact reductionAdultsBehavioral changesSchool children
2021
Tuberculosis case notifications in Malawi have strong seasonal and weather-related trends
Kirolos A, Thindwa D, Khundi M, Burke R, Henrion M, Nakamura I, Divala T, Nliwasa M, Corbett E, MacPherson P. Tuberculosis case notifications in Malawi have strong seasonal and weather-related trends. Scientific Reports 2021, 11: 4621. PMID: 33633272, PMCID: PMC7907065, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84124-w.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Completion of isoniazid preventive therapy among human immunodeficiency virus positive adults in urban Malawi
Thindwa D, MacPherson P, Choko A, Khundi M, Sambakunsi R, Ngwira L, Kalua T, Webb E, Corbett E. Completion of isoniazid preventive therapy among human immunodeficiency virus positive adults in urban Malawi. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2018, 22: 273-279. PMID: 29471904, PMCID: PMC5824849, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0370.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIsoniazid preventive therapyHIV-positive adultsPreventive therapySide effectsCompletion of IPTHuman Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive AdultsAntiretroviral treatment statusMedian CD4 countHIV care clinicsProspective cohort studyCluster-randomised trialCells/Random effects logistic regressionIPT completionCD4 countCohort studyTB preventionStudy clinicCare clinicsPresumptive TBStage 3/4Positive adultsTreatment statusCare servicesLogistic regression
2016
Initial Accuracy of HIV Rapid Test Kits Stored in Suboptimal Conditions and Validity of Delayed Reading of Oral Fluid Tests
Choko A, Taegtmeyer M, MacPherson P, Cocker D, Khundi M, Thindwa D, Sambakunsi R, Kumwenda M, Chiumya K, Malema O, Makombe S, Webb E, Corbett E. Initial Accuracy of HIV Rapid Test Kits Stored in Suboptimal Conditions and Validity of Delayed Reading of Oral Fluid Tests. PLOS ONE 2016, 11: e0158107. PMID: 27336161, PMCID: PMC4918937, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158107.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV self-testing programmesUni-GoldHIV rapid test kitsTest kitDetermine HIV-1/2Ndirande Health CentreRapid diagnostic test kitsOral fluid testRapid diagnostic testsDiagnostic reference standardQuality assurance studyLow-income settingsFalse-negative resultsConsecutive adultsDiagnostic test kitsHIV-1/2Rapid test kitsUrban BlantyreHealth centersReference standard resultsDay 1Income settingsOraQuickDelayed readingsDiagnostic tests
2014
Effect of Optional Home Initiation of HIV Care Following HIV Self-testing on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Adults in Malawi: A Randomized Clinical Trial
MacPherson P, Lalloo D, Webb E, Maheswaran H, Choko A, Makombe S, Butterworth A, van Oosterhout J, Desmond N, Thindwa D, Squire S, Hayes R, Corbett E. Effect of Optional Home Initiation of HIV Care Following HIV Self-testing on Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Adults in Malawi: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2014, 312: 372-379. PMID: 25038356, PMCID: PMC4118051, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.6493.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV self-test resultsAntiretroviral therapy initiationSelf-test resultsHIV careHome initiationTherapy initiationART initiatorsHome groupAdult residentsSelf-testing groupStandard HIV careUptake of HIVFacility-based careFacility-based servicesHIV Self-TestingProportion of adultsART initiationHome HIVSecondary outcomesHIV infectionParent trialPrimary outcomeMalawian adultsClinical trialsEarly diagnosisA Novel Community Health Worker Tool Outperforms WHO Clinical Staging for Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy Eligibility in a Resource-Limited Setting
MacPherson P, Lalloo D, Thindwa D, Webb E, Squire S, Chipungu G, Desmond N, Makombe S, Taegtmeyer M, Choko A, Corbett E. A Novel Community Health Worker Tool Outperforms WHO Clinical Staging for Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy Eligibility in a Resource-Limited Setting. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014, 65: e74-e78. PMID: 23846567, PMCID: PMC3966510, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3182a20e74.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCD4 countPredictive valueWorld Health Organization (WHO) stagingCubic millimeterAntiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibilityAntiretroviral therapy initiationHIV-positive participantsResource limited settingsNegative predictive valuePositive predictive valueReceiver operator curveTherapy initiationClinical stagingStagingAssessment toolCountCellsNursesBlantyre
2012
Determinants and Consequences of Failure of Linkage to Antiretroviral Therapy at Primary Care Level in Blantyre, Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study
MacPherson P, Corbett E, Makombe S, van Oosterhout J, Manda E, Choko A, Thindwa D, Squire S, Mann G, Lalloo D. Determinants and Consequences of Failure of Linkage to Antiretroviral Therapy at Primary Care Level in Blantyre, Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e44794. PMID: 22984560, PMCID: PMC3439373, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044794.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsART eligibility assessmentsPre-ART careProspective cohort studyPrimary care levelEligibility assessmentART initiationCohort studyCare levelInitiation of ARTHIV care programsHIV-positive adultsPrimary care clinicsUptake of ARTAntiretroviral therapyCD4 measurementsHIV diagnosisCare clinicsHospital visitsCare programWay patientsSame dayHigh uptakePatientsUniversal coveragePoor rate
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